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Microglia activation\u2010mediated neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PND. Galectin\u20101 has been identified as a pivotal modulator in the central nervous system (CNS), while the role of galectin\u20101 in PND induced by microglia\u2010mediated neuroinflammation is still undetermined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An exploratory laparotomy model anesthetized with isoflurane was employed to investigate the role of galectin\u20101 on PND in aged mice. Open field test and Morris water maze were used to test the cognitive function 3\u2010 or 7\u2010days post\u2010surgery. The activation of microglia in the hippocampus of aged mice was tested by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Galectin\u20101 attenuated the cognitive dysfunction induced by surgery in aged mice and inhibited microglial activity. Moreover, galectin\u20101 decreased the expression level of inflammatory proteins (interleukin\u20101\u03b2, interleukin\u20106, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1), and prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Galectin\u20101 inhibited the inflammation of BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide via decreasing the translocation of NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and c\u2010Jun, while this kind of inhibition was rescued when overexpressing IRAK1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings provide evidence that galectin\u20101 may inhibit IRAK1 expression, thus suppressing inflammatory response, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving ensuing cognitive dysfunction. Collectively, these findings unveil that galectin\u20101 may elicit protective effects on surgery\u2010induced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T07:33:05Z","timestamp":1620113585000},"page":"842-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Galectin\u20101 ameliorates perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 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