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Repeated acute attacks and the presence of aquaporin\u20104 immunoglobulin G (AQP4\u2010IgG) antibody are the typical characteristics of NMOSD. Recently, the phase III trials of the newly developed biologicals therapies have shown their effectiveness and good tolerance to a certain extent when compared with the traditional therapy with the first\u2010 and second\u2010line drugs. However, there is still a lack of large sample, double\u2010blind, randomized, clinical studies to confirm their efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Especially, these drugs have no clear effect on NMOSD patients without AQP4\u2010IgG and refractory patients. Therefore, it is of strong demand to further conduct large sample, double\u2010blind, randomized, clinical trials, and novel therapeutic possibilities in NMOSD are discussed briefly here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T11:49:19Z","timestamp":1650023359000},"page":"981-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Progress in treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD): Novel insights into therapeutic possibilities in NMOSD"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mingchao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Jilin University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences &amp; Society Division of Neurogeriatrcs Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Solna  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