{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:14:08Z","timestamp":1790734448476,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and autoimmune diseases is of particular interest and suggests a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autoimmune diseases are linked by a bidirectional relationship based on common immunopathological mechanisms. In this review, in addition to reporting the numerous cases described in which autoimmune disorders are associated with anorexia or vice versa, we summarize the many aspects of this relationship between the immune system (IS) and AN. We describe how the microbiota affects the IS, disrupts gut\u2010brain communication, and possibly triggers eating disorders. We also describe the shared immunological pathways of autoimmune and eating disorders and in particular the occurrence of disrupted T cell tolerance and autoantibodies in AN. The described observations represent the starting point for possible, future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T06:40:12Z","timestamp":1663396812000},"page":"1921-1929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A\u00a0bidirectional route?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Sirufo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M.","family":"Magnanimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Ginaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4253-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"De Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences University of L'Aquila  L'Aquila Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis  Teramo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1803175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2019.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1057-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22095043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.368.6487.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2021.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-77375-5_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507204102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80693-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.4310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20960\/nh.1575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2017.70973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-9877(96)90153-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuab030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020500"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000068965.34812.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780831122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.54.632.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-5159-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20918031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211039598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666171005110620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00581-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antib5020009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-07504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/483145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02354-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.613983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01388-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2021.104326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270367"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"91","author":"Sloan D","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11320-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/oebrcq"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0605-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.09.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Anorexie mentale et maladie de Crohn: intrications et difficult\u00e9s diagnostiques. Trois cas [Anorexia nervosa and Crohn disease: diagnostic intricacies and difficulties. 3 cases]","volume":"31","author":"Blanchet C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6703979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2017.1417828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(92)72028-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2016.1125782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8070232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04350-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00435-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v6i1.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20220706-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-01912-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123592"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.13953","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cns.13953","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.13953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:45:54Z","timestamp":1692690354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.13953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.13953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13953","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}