{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:14:49Z","timestamp":1792268089815,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7152074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7152074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81560229 and 81760252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81560229 and 81760252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metal ions and anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured CSF levels of various metal ions from 178 Chinese male subjects. Apart from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics data, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Self\u2010Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BDI and PSQI scores (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly higher in active smokers than nonsmokers. Active smokers have significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Some metal ions, including zinc, iron, lead, and aluminum, were found to have a significant correlation with BDI scores, whereas metal ions, including zinc and lead, were found to have a significant correlation with PSQI scores in the general group. More interesting, mediation analysis showed that aluminum mediated the relationship between smoking and depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cigarette smoking was indeed associated with depression and insomnia. Active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, lithium, and aluminum. Furthermore, CSF aluminum played a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and depression, which further confirmed its neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T08:41:04Z","timestamp":1664354464000},"page":"2141-2147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid: Associations with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among cigarette smokers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruian People's Hospital Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third Hospital  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenzan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Medicine Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University  Ningbo China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshuang","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division Inner Mongolia Medical University  Huhhot China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mental Health Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Hui\u2010Long\u2010Guan Hospital Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Kangning Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300911"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6929-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540500459667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ant.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/840547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2001.1351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00138-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S272883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60189-2_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31819773b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18777"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Nicotine addiction and its assessment","volume":"69","author":"Fagerstrom KO","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-4346-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06287"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(94)00101-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60252a002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.09.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2018.1546707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-015-9571-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X11666131120232135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050584"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13030352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/898393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2385-z"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.13955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cns.13955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.13955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:44:01Z","timestamp":1692690241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.13955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.13955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.13955","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}