{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:54:18Z","timestamp":1787583258956,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) might have a higher risk of rupture after partial embolization, and previous studies have shown that some metrics of vascular stability are related to bAVM rupture risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze vascular stability of bAVM in patients after partial embolization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients who underwent partial embolization were classified into the short\u2010term, medium\u2010term, and long\u2010term groups, according to the time interval between partial embolization and surgery. The control group consisted of 9 bAVM patients who underwent surgery alone. Hemodynamic changes after partial embolization were measured by angiogram. The inflammatory infiltrates and cell\u2013cell junctions were evaluated by MMP\u20109 and VE\u2010cadherin. At the protein level, the proliferative and apoptotic events of bAVMs were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of VEGFA, eNOS, and caspase\u20103. Finally, neovascularity and apoptotic cells were assessed by CD31 staining and TUNEL staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immediately after partial embolization, the blood flow velocity of most bAVMs increased. The quantity of MMP\u20109 in the medium\u2010term group was the highest, and VE\u2010cadherin in the medium\u2010term group was the lowest. The expression levels of VEGFA, eNOS, and neovascularity were highest in the medium\u2010term group. Similarly, the expression level of caspase\u20103 and the number of apoptotic cells were highest in the medium\u2010term group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The biomarkers for bAVM vascular stability were most abnormal between 1 and 28\u2009days after partial embolization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T07:10:17Z","timestamp":1678000217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vascular stability of brain arteriovenous malformations after partial embolization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingkun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular and Neurosurgery Department of Interventional Center Zhengzhou University People's 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Interventional Center Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Henan Provincial Neurointerventional Engineering Research Center, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Henan Engineering Research Center of Cerebrovascular Intervention  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular and Neurosurgery Department of Interventional Center Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Henan Provincial Neurointerventional Engineering Research Center, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease and Henan Engineering Research Center of Cerebrovascular Intervention  Zhengzhou 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