{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:10:38Z","timestamp":1787069438783,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct revascularization remains an important tool in the treatment of patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD). The superficial temporal artery (STA) is the most commonly used donor vessel for direct bypass, and an STA graft has traditionally been considered a low\u2010flow graft for flow augmentation. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the blood flow of the STA after direct revascularization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All direct revascularization procedures performed between 2018 and 2021 by one experienced neurosurgeon were screened. Quantitative ultrasound was used to measure the flow data of the patient's bilateral parietal branch of the STA(STA\u2010PB), the bilateral frontal branch of the STA(STA\u2010FB), and the left radial artery. Data on the patients' basic information, Suzuki grade, Matsushima type, anastomosis type, and blood biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. An MBC Scale scoring system was proposed to evaluate the recipient artery network of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) tree. The relationship between MBC Scale score and STA graft flow was statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 81 patients (43 males and 38 females) successfully underwent STA\u2010MCA bypass and were included in this study. The mean flow rates in the STA\u2010PB graft on 1\u2009day preoperatively, 1\u2009day postoperatively, 7\u2009days postoperatively, and\u2009&gt;6\u2009months postoperatively (long\u2010term) were 10.81, 116.74, 118.44, and 56.20\u2009mL\/min respectively. Intraoperative graft patency was confirmed in all patients. Comparing the preoperative and all postoperative time points, the STA\u2010PB flow rates were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The MCA\u2010C score was significantly associated with postoperative flow rate on day 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The STA is a useful donor artery for direct revascularization inpatients with MMD and can provide sufficient blood supply to the ischemic cerebral territory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T05:19:02Z","timestamp":1680326342000},"page":"2572-2582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is\n                    <scp>STA<\/scp>\n                    really a low\u2010flow graft? A quantitative ultrasonographic study of the flow of\n                    <scp>STA<\/scp>\n                    for cerebral revascularization in\n                    <scp>MMD<\/scp>\n                    patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yunyu","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9007-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-9528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songtao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804622"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"Moyamoya: an update and review","volume":"12","author":"Berry 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