{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1782931066076,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO.81904023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.81904023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, as a common peripheral\u2010organ complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI), is primarily characterized by gut inflammation and damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB). Previous studies have confirmed that TongQiao HuoXue Decoction (TQHXD) has strong anti\u2010inflammatory properties and protects against gut injury. However, few have reported on the therapeutic effects of TQHXD in a TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction model. We aimed to explore the effects of TQHXD on TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction and the underlying mechanism thereof.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the protective effects and possible mechanism of TQHXD in treating TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction via gene engineering, histological staining, immunofluorescence (IF), 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing, real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR), enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), and flow cytometry (FCM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TQHXD administration ameliorated TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction by modulating the abundance and structure of bacteria; reconstructing the destroyed epithelial and chemical barriers of the IMB; and improving M1\/M2 macrophage, T\u2010regulatory cell (Treg)\/T helper 1 cell (Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), as well as Th<jats:sub>17<\/jats:sub>\/Treg ratios to preserve homeostasis of the intestinal immune barrier. Notably, Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36)\/15\u2010lipoxygenase (15\u2010LO)\/nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) signaling was markedly stimulated in colonic tissue of TQHXD\u2010treated mice. However, insufficiency of both CD36 and (C\u2010X3\u2010C motif) chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) worsened GI dysfunction induced by TBI, which could not be rescued by TQHXD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TQHXD exerted therapeutic effects on TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction by regulating the intestinal biological, chemical, epithelial, and immune barriers of the IMB, and this effect resulted from the stimulation of CD36\/NR4A1\/15\u2010LO signaling; however, it could not do so when CX3CR1 and CD36 were deficient. TQHXD might therefore be a potential drug candidate for treating TBI\u2010induced GI dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T05:49:34Z","timestamp":1683611374000},"page":"161-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction ameliorates traumatic brain injury\u2010induced gastrointestinal dysfunction by regulating <scp>CD36<\/scp>\/<scp>15\u2010LO<\/scp>\/<scp>NR4A1<\/scp> signaling, which fails when <scp>CD36<\/scp> and <scp>CX3CR1<\/scp> are deficient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chunzhu","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 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