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Organoids technology applying on brain tumors enables great recapitulation of the original tumors. Here, we compared brain tumor organoids (BTOs) with common models including cell lines, tumor spheroids, and patient\u2010derived xenografts. Different BTOs can be customized to research objectives and particular brain tumor features. We systematically introduce the establishments and strengths of four different BTOs. BTOs derived from patient somatic cells are suitable for mimicking brain tumors caused by germline mutations and abnormal neurodevelopment, such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. BTOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells with genetic manipulations endow for identifying and understanding the roles of oncogenes and processes of oncogenesis. Brain tumoroids are the most clinically applicable BTOs, which could be generated within clinically relevant timescale and applied for drug screening, immunotherapy testing, biobanking, and investigating brain tumor mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells and therapy resistance. Brain organoids co\u2010cultured with brain tumors (BO\u2010BTs) own the greatest recapitulation of brain tumors. Tumor invasion and interactions between tumor cells and brain components could be greatly explored in this model. BO\u2010BTs also offer a humanized platform for testing the therapeutic efficacy and side effects on neurons in preclinical trials. We also introduce the BTOs establishment fused with other advanced techniques, such as 3D bioprinting. So far, over 11 brain tumor types of BTOs have been established, especially for glioblastoma. We conclude BTOs could be a reliable model to understand brain tumors and develop targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:10:21Z","timestamp":1685405421000},"page":"2725-2743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Applications of organoid technology to brain tumors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2323-5932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Hypothalamic\u2010pituitary Research Center Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan 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