{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:36:22Z","timestamp":1777386982095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH 104603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH 104603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conduct disorder (CD) are characterized by a persistent pattern of violations of societal norms and others' rights. Ample evidence shows that the pathophysiology of these disorders is contributed by orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) alterations, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we performed the first\u2010ever RNA sequencing study of postmortem OFC samples from subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of ASPD and\/or CD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transcriptomic profiles of OFC samples from subjects with ASPD and\/or CD were compared to those of unaffected age\u2010matched controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099\/group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The OFC of ASPD\/CD\u2010affected subjects displayed significant differences in the expression of 328 genes. Further gene\u2010ontology analyses revealed an extensive downregulation of excitatory neuron transcripts and upregulation of astrocyte transcripts. These alterations were paralleled by significant modifications in synaptic regulation and glutamatergic neurotransmission pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These preliminary findings suggest that ASPD and CD feature a complex array of functional deficits in the pyramidal neurons and astrocytes of the OFC. In turn, these aberrances may contribute to the reduced OFC connectivity observed in antisocial subjects. Future analyses on larger cohorts are needed to validate these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T04:50:40Z","timestamp":1685767840000},"page":"3173-3182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A preliminary transcriptomic analysis of the orbitofrontal cortex of antisocial individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ignazio S.","family":"Piras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Braccagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Huentelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenomics Division Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen)  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bortolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Antisocial Behavior","author":"Stoff 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