{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T16:31:51Z","timestamp":1778344311330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinsonian disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), share early motor symptoms but have distinct pathophysiology. As a result, accurate premortem diagnosis is challenging for neurologists, hindering efforts for disease\u2010modifying therapeutic discovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain cell\u2010state\u2010specific biomolecules and can cross the blood\u2010brain barrier to the peripheral circulation, providing a unique central nervous system (CNS) insight. This meta\u2010analysis evaluated blood\u2010isolated neuronal and oligodendroglial EVs (nEVs and oEVs) \u03b1\u2010synuclein levels in Parkinsonian disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, the meta\u2010analysis included 13 studies. An inverse\u2010variance random\u2010effects model quantified effect size (SMD), QUADAS\u20102 assessed risk of bias and publication bias was evaluated. Demographic and clinical variables were collected for meta\u2010regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta\u2010analysis included 1,565 patients with PD, 206 with MSA, 21 with DLB, 172 with PSP, 152 with CBS and 967 healthy controls (HCs). Findings suggest that combined concentrations of nEVs and oEVs \u03b1\u2010syn is higher in patients with PD compared to HCs (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.021), while nEVs \u03b1\u2010syn is lower in patients with PSP and CBS compared to patients with PD (SMD = \u20101.04, p = 0.0017) or HCs (SMD = \u20100.41, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, \u03b1\u2010syn in nEVs and\/or oEVs did not significantly differ in patients with PD vs. MSA, contradicting the literature. Meta\u2010regressions show that demographic and clinical factors were not significant predictors of nEVs or oEVs \u03b1\u2010syn concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results highlight the need for standardized procedures and independent validations in biomarker studies and the development of improved biomarkers for distinguishing Parkinsonian disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1688702506000},"page":"3741-3755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of\n                    <scp>\u03b1\u2010synuclein<\/scp>\n                    in\n                    <scp>CNS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010originating 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