{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T20:25:01Z","timestamp":1774643101810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication associated with poor outcome. Our previous study has shown that living with familiar observers in the same cage reduces anxiety of mice with surgery. Anxiety can impair learning and memory. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether living with familiar observers attenuated the dysfunction of learning and memory of mice with surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Six\u2010 to eight\u2010week\u2010old CD\u20101 male mice or 18\u2010month\u2010old C57BL\/6 male mice had left carotid artery exposure under isoflurane anesthesia. They lived with non\u2010surgery male mice at 2 (number of surgery mice) to 3 (number of non\u2010surgery mice) ratio or with other surgery mice. Mice were subjected to light and dark box test 3\u2009days after surgery to measure their anxiety levels and novel object recognition and fear conditioning tests from 5\u2009days after surgery to measure their learning and memory. Blood and brain were harvested for biochemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Living with familiar observers that lived with surgery mice for at least 2\u2009weeks before the surgery and then after surgery reduced the anxiety and dysfunction of learning and memory in young adult male mice. Living with unfamiliar observers that lived with surgery mice after the surgery but not before the surgery did not have those effects on the mice with surgery. Living with familiar observers attenuated learning and memory dysfunction after surgery also in old male mice. Living with familiar observers attenuated inflammatory response in the blood and brain and the activation of the lateral habenula (LHb)\u2010ventral tegmental area (VTA) neural circuitry, which has been shown to be important for POCD. Wound infiltration with bupivacaine attenuated the activation of LHb\u2010VTA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These results suggest that living with familiar observers attenuates POCD and neuroinflammation, possibly via inhibiting the activation of the LHb\u2010VTA neural circuitry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T02:39:25Z","timestamp":1688611165000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Familiar observers attenuate surgery\u2010induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3542-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 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