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We recently found that rhythmic acoustic\u2010electric trigeminal\u2010nerve stimulation (i.e., musical stimulation synchronized to electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve) in the gamma band can improve consciousness in patients with DOC. Here, we investigated whether these beneficial stimulation effects are mediated by alterations in functional connectivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010three patients with DOC underwent 5\u2009days of gamma, beta, or sham acoustic\u2010electric trigeminal\u2010nerve stimulation. Resting\u2010state electroencephalography was measured before and after the stimulation and functional connectivity was assessed using phase\u2010lag index (PLI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that gamma stimulation induces an increase in gamma\u2010band PLI. Further characterization revealed that the enhancing effect is (i) specific to the gamma band (as we observed no comparable change in beta\u2010band PLI and no effect of beta\u2010band acoustic\u2010electric stimulation or sham stimulation), (ii) widely spread across the cortex, and (iii) accompanied by improvements in patients' auditory abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings show that gamma acoustic\u2010electric trigeminal\u2010nerve stimulation can improve resting\u2010state functional connectivity in the gamma band, which in turn may be linked to auditory abilities and\/or consciousness restoration in DOC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T05:16:47Z","timestamp":1690867007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Acoustic\u2010electric trigeminal\u2010nerve stimulation enhances functional connectivity in patients with disorders of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0815-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Concolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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