{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:08:55Z","timestamp":1792271335908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the impact of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on working memory (WM) in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE) and the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this randomized double\u2010blind study, 28 rTLE patients were subjected to an active or sham taVNS (a\/s\u2010taVNS) protocol for 20\u2009weeks (a\u2010taVNS group,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919; s\u2010ta VNS group,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099). Patients performed visual WM tasks during stimulation and neural oscillations were simultaneously recorded by 19\u2010channel electroencephalography.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the baseline state, reaction time was significantly shorter after 20\u2009weeks of taVNS in the a\u2010taVNS group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), whereas no difference was observed in the s\u2010taVNS group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The power spectral density (PSD) of the theta frequency band in the Fz channel decreased significantly after a\u2010taVNS during WM\u2010encoding (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020), maintenance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038), and retrieval (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) phases, but not in the s\u2010taVNS group (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neural oscillations during WM were altered by taVNS and WM performance was improved. Alterations in frontal midline theta oscillations may be a marker for the effect of taVNS on cognitive regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T23:05:11Z","timestamp":1691535911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves working memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: A randomized double\u2010blind study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Liping","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Department Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin 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