{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:06:12Z","timestamp":1780470372998,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81902527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the incidence and extent of peri\u2010electrode edema after DBS and to clarify the effect of postoperative use of steroids on the peri\u2010electrode edema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 250 patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS surgery with intact MRI within 1\u2009month after DBS surgery. Patients were divided into steroid and non\u2010steroid groups, based on postoperative steroids use. The occurrence and extent of peri\u2010electrode edema were compared between the two groups, and other associated factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri\u2010electrode edema &gt;1\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in at least one hemisphere was reported in 215 (86.00%) patients. The mean volume of peri\u2010electrode edema observed in the steroid group was significantly smaller than in the non\u2010steroid group (8.09\u2009\u00b1\u20098.47\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs 17.10\u2009\u00b1\u200916.90\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the steroid group, 104 (32.91%) of the 316 implanted electrodes present with edema less than 1\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, whereas in the non\u2010steroid group, only 27 (14.67%) of the 184 implanted electrodes present with edema less than 1\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that lesser peri\u2010electrode edema was significantly associated with postoperative steroids use and general anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri\u2010electrode edema is common after DBS surgery, and postoperative steroids use reduces the occurrence and extent of peri\u2010electrode edema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T08:37:22Z","timestamp":1694853442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Postoperative use of steroids for peri\u2010electrode edema after deep brain stimulation surgery: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0742-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6909-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6248-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Peri\u2010Lead Edema after Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery: A Poorly Understood but Frequent Complication","author":"Whiting AC","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1853-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3252-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.08.037"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.14470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T14:08:37Z","timestamp":1716559717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.14470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.14470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14470"}}