{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:11:54Z","timestamp":1789132314172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinsonian tremor (PT) is regulated by numerous neurophysiological components across multiple temporospatial scales. The dynamics of tremor fluctuation are thus highly complex. This study aimed to explore the effects of different medications on tremor complexity, and how the underlying factors contribute to such tremor complexity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 66 participants received a 2\u2010mg dose of benzhexol or a pre\u2010determined dose of levodopa at two study visits in a randomized order. Before and after taking the medications, tremor fluctuation was recorded using surface electromyography electrodes and accelerometers in resting, posture, and weighting conditions with and without a concurrent cognitive task. Tremor complexity was quantified using multiscale entropy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tremor complexity in resting (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) and postural condition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) was lower when participants were performing a cognitive task compared to a task\u2010free condition. After taking levodopa and benzhexol, participants had increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.03) and decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) tremor complexity compared to pre\u2010medication state, respectively. Tremor complexity and its changes as induced by medications were significantly correlated with clinical ratings and their changes (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.23 to \u22120.39; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002\u20130.04), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tremor complexity may be a promising marker to capture the pathophysiology underlying the development of PT, aiding the characterization of the effects medications have on PT regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T10:17:23Z","timestamp":1698747443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dopaminergic versus anticholinergic treatment effects on physiologic complexity of hand tremor in Parkinson's disease: A\u00a0randomized crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yusha","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongning","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce S. T.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research Hebrew SeniorLife  Roslindale Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8530-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249209.11967.CB"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.01.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(00)00077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02257-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-150650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480130122036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00266-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00261-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09810-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199907)14:4<572::AID-MDS1005>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.068102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.021906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00593-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00247-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00131-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199903)14:2<252::AID-MDS1009>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318292a31d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e22091042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2013.2241071"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.14516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1716955197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.14516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.14516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14516","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14516"}}