{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:30:32Z","timestamp":1782743432045,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72104003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72104003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to systematically compare the effectiveness, safety, and costs of different anti\u2010Parkinson drugs (APDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a multi\u2010center study that retrospectively analyzed the data of 8420 outpatients with PD from 2014 to 2019 across 30 tertiary hospitals in China. The effectiveness was evaluated by changes in total dosages of APDs, normalized by levodopa equivalent dose (LED) and presented as \u0394LEDs; levodopa equivalent dose cost (LEDc) represented the daily cost of APDs; and newly added diagnostics were represented as APDs\u2010related adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 384 patients with eligible medical records for three consecutive years were enrolled. Patients treated with carbidopa\/levodopa or levodopa\/benserazide had significantly lower mean \u0394LEDs than other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), followed by pramipexole and selegiline. The piribedil group had the highest \u0394LEDs, with mean differences of 112.56\u2013355.04\u2009mg compared to other groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Meanwhile, LEDc in the levodopa\/benserazide, carbidopa\/levodopa, and piribedil groups were significantly lower than those in pramipexole or selegiline groups ($0.088\u20130.135\/day for levodopa\/benserazide; $0.070\u20130.126\/day for carbidopa\/levodopa; $0.112\u20130.138\/day for piribedil; $0.290\u20130.332\/day for pramipexole; $0.229\u20130.544\/day for selegiline; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Patients with piribedil had more adverse events, with an incidence rate of 35.7%, followed by levodopa\/benserazide (25.6%), selegiline (23.5%), carbidopa\/levodopa (23.3%), and pramipexole (16.4%). Pramipexole showed a lower incidence rate of adverse events than piribedil, including neuropsychiatric symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), headache\/dizziness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), and gastrointestinal symptoms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbidopa\/levodopa or levodopa\/benserazide might exhibit better clinical improvement with less medical cost, while piribedil presented less clinical improvement but a higher risk of headache\/dizziness, gastrointestinal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T21:49:20Z","timestamp":1700603360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of the effectiveness, safety, and costs of anti\u2010Parkinson drugs: A multiple\u2010center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5327-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8575-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanmiao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing 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