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Indeed, the accurate prognostication of early bladder outcomes is crucial for patient counseling, rehabilitation goal setting, and personalized intervention planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective exploratory analysis was conducted on a cohort of consecutive SCI patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility in China from May 2016 to December 2022. Demographic, clinical, and electrophysiological data were collected within 40\u2009days post\u2010SCI, with bladder outcomes assessed at 3\u2009months following SCI onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study enrolled 202 SCI patients with a mean age of 40.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u2009years. At 3\u2009months post\u2010SCI, 79 participants exhibited complete bladder emptying. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the H\u2010reflex of the soleus muscle, the American Spinal Injury Association Lower Extremity Motor Score (ASIA\u2010LEMS), and the time from lesion to rehabilitation facility (TLRF) as significant independent predictors for bladder emptying. A scoring system named HALT was developed, yielding a strong discriminatory performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (aROC) of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.823\u20130.933). A simplified model utilizing only the H\u2010reflex exhibited excellent discriminatory ability with an aROC of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.766\u20130.881). Both models demonstrated good calibration via the Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test and favorable clinical net benefits through decision curve analysis (DCA). In comparison to ASIA\u2010LEMS, both the HALT score and H\u2010reflex showed superior predictive accuracy for bladder outcome. Notably, in individuals with incomplete injuries, the HALT score (aROC\u2009=\u20090.973, 95% CI: 0.940\u20131.000) and the H\u2010reflex (aROC\u2009=\u20090.888, 95% CI: 0.807\u20130.970) displayed enhanced performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two reliable models, the HALT score and the H\u2010reflex, were developed to predict bladder outcomes as early as 3\u2009months after SCI onset. Importantly, this study provides hitherto undocumented evidence regarding the predictive significance of the soleus H\u2010reflex in relation to bladder outcomes in SCI patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T01:19:43Z","timestamp":1707355183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prediction of early bladder outcomes after spinal cord injury: The\n                    <scp>HALT<\/scp>\n                    score"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6174-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)  Xi'an 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