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Cerebellar ataxia is characterized by abnormal Purkinje cells (PCs) dendritic arborization, loss of PCs and motor coordination, and muscle weakness with no effective treatment. We aim to develop a real\u2010time field\u2010programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype targeting the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) to close the loop for ataxia using conditional double knockout mice with deletion of PC\u2010specific LIM homeobox (Lhx)1 and Lhx5, resulting in abnormal dendritic arborization and motor deficits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We implanted multielectrode array in the DCN and muscles of ataxia mice. The beneficial effect of open\u2010loop DCN\u2010DBS or closed\u2010loop DCN\u2010DBS was compared by motor behavioral assessments, electromyography (EMG), and neural activities (neurospike and electroencephalogram) in freely moving mice. FPGA board, which performed complex real\u2010time computation, was used for closed\u2010loop DCN\u2010DBS system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Closed\u2010loop DCN\u2010DBS was triggered only when symptomatic muscle EMG was detected in a real\u2010time manner, which restored motor activities, electroencephalogram activities and neurospike properties completely in ataxia mice. Closed\u2010loop DCN\u2010DBS was more effective than an open\u2010loop paradigm as it reduced the frequency of DBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our real\u2010time FPGA\u2010based DCN\u2010DBS system could be a potential clinical strategy for alleviating cerebellar ataxia and other movement disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T06:47:36Z","timestamp":1710571656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Real\u2010time field\u2010programmable gate array\u2010based closed\u2010loop deep brain stimulation platform targeting cerebellar circuitry rescues motor deficits in a mouse model of cerebellar ataxia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gajendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience 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