{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:18:36Z","timestamp":1788927516572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002958","name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["67159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["67159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant substance with highly addictive and neurotoxic effects, but no ideal treatment option exists to improve METH\u2010induced neurocognitive deficits. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)\u2010derived exosomes have raised many hopes for treating neurodegenerative sequela of brain disorders. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of MSCs\u2010derived exosomes on cognitive function and neurogenesis of METH\u2010addicted rodents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male BALB\/c mice were subjected to chronic METH addiction, followed by intravenous administration of bone marrow MSCs\u2010derived exosomes. Then, the spatial memory and recognition memory of animals were assessed by the Barnes maze and the novel object recognition test (NORT). The neurogenesis\u2010related factors, including NeuN and DCX, and the expression of Iba\u20101, a microglial activation marker, were assessed in the hippocampus by immunofluorescence staining. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF\u2010\u03b1 and NF\u2010\u03baB, were evaluated by western blotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that BMSCs\u2010exosomes improved the time spent in the target quadrant and correct\u2010to\u2010wrong relative time in the Barnes maze. Also, NORT's discrimination index (DI) and recognition index (RI) were improved following exosome therapy. Additionally, exosome therapy significantly increased the expression of NeuN and DCX in the hippocampus while decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF\u2010\u03b1 and NF\u2010\u03baB. Besides, BMSC\u2010exosomes down\u2010regulated the expression of Iba\u20101.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that BMSC\u2010exosomes mitigated METH\u2010caused cognitive dysfunction by improving neurogenesis and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:15:32Z","timestamp":1716509732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell\u2010derived exosomes improve neurogenesis and cognitive function of mice with methamphetamine addiction: A novel treatment 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