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While <jats:italic>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic> Georgi (<jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic>) is known for its efficacy in addressing neurological symptoms, its potential to reduce GABA synthesis in reactive astrocytes and the associated neuronal suppression remains unclear. This study focuses on the inhibitory action of monoamine oxidase B (MAO\u2010B), the key enzyme for astrocytic GABA synthesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced neuroinflammation mouse model, we conducted immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of <jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic> on astrocyte reactivity and its GABA synthesis. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography was performed to reveal the major compounds of <jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic>, the effects of which on MAO\u2010B inhibition, astrocyte reactivity, and tonic inhibition in hippocampal neurons were validated by MAO\u2010B activity assay, qRT\u2010PCR, and whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic> ameliorated astrocyte reactivity and reduced excessive astrocytic GABA content in the CA1 hippocampus. Baicalin and baicalein exhibited significant MAO\u2010B inhibition potential. These two compounds downregulate the mRNA levels of genes associated with reactive astrogliosis or astrocytic GABA synthesis. Additionally, LPS\u2010induced aberrant tonic inhibition was reversed by both <jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic> extract and its key compounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, baicalin and baicalein isolated from <jats:italic>S. baicalensis<\/jats:italic> reduce astrocyte reactivity and alleviate aberrant tonic inhibition of hippocampal neurons during neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T04:55:16Z","timestamp":1715144116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Baicalin and baicalein from <scp><i>Scutellaria baicalensis<\/i><\/scp> Georgi alleviate aberrant neuronal suppression mediated by <scp>GABA<\/scp> from reactive astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Juyeong","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Bin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8078-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young\u2010Sik","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine Woosuk University  Jeonju\u2010si Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungbin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Ha","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of KHU\u2010KIST Convergence Science and Technology Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyowon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hocheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6191-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Ho","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Function, Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of KHU\u2010KIST Convergence Science and Technology Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio\u2010Medical Science &amp; 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