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The most well\u2010known function of the hippocampus is learning and memory, and the mechanism behind is neuroplasticity, which strongly depends on the level of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). While research has delved into the possible mechanisms behind the loss of teeth leading to cognitive dysfunction, there are few studies on the plasticity of sensory neural pathway after tooth loss, and the changes in related indicators of synaptic plasticity still need to be further explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the bilateral maxillary molars were extracted in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats of two age ranges (young and middle age) to establish occlusal support loss model; then, the spatial cognition was tested by Morris Water Maze (MWM). Quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blotting (WB) were used to detect BDNF, AKT, and functional proteins (viz., PSD95 and NMDAR) of hippocampal synapses. Golgi staining was used to observe changes in ascending nerve pathway. IF was used to confirm the location of BDNF and AKT expressed in hippocampus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MWM showed that the spatial cognitive level of rats dropped after occlusal support loss. qPCR, WB, and IF suggested that the BDNF\/AKT pathway was down\u2010regulated in the hippocampus. Golgi staining showed the neurons of ascending sensory pathway decreased in numbers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occlusal support loss caused plastic changes in ascending nerve pathway and induced cognitive impairment in rats by down\u2010regulating BDNF and synaptic plasticity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T06:35:48Z","timestamp":1718865348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cognitive decline in <scp>Sprague\u2013Dawley<\/scp> rats induced by neuroplasticity changes after occlusal support loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology Capital Medical University  Beijing 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