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But the function of thalamus in GA\u2010induced loss of consciousness (LOC) is little known. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is the only GABAergic neurons\u2010composed nucleus in the thalamus, which is composed of parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST)\u2010expressing GABAergic neurons. The anterior sector of TRN (aTRN) is indicated to participate in the induction of anesthesia, but the roles remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the role of the aTRN in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We first set up c\u2010Fos straining to monitor the activity variation of aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> and aTRN<jats:sup>SST<\/jats:sup> neurons during propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Subsequently, optogenetic tools were utilized to activate aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> and aTRN<jats:sup>SST<\/jats:sup> neurons to elucidate the roles of aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> and aTRN<jats:sup>SST<\/jats:sup> neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and behavioral tests were recorded and analyzed. Lastly, chemogenetic activation of the aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> neurons was applied to confirm the function of the aTRN neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>c\u2010Fos straining showed that both aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> and aTRN<jats:sup>SST<\/jats:sup> neurons are activated during the LOC period of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia. Optogenetic activation of aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> and aTRN<jats:sup>SST<\/jats:sup> neurons promoted isoflurane induction and delayed the recovery of consciousness (ROC) after propofol and isoflurane anesthesia, meanwhile chemogenetic activation of the aTRN<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> neurons displayed the similar effects. Moreover, optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of the aTRN neurons resulted in the accumulated burst suppression ratio (BSR) during propofol and isoflurane GA, although they represented different effects on the power distribution of EEG frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings reveal that the aTRN GABAergic neurons play a critical role in promoting the induction of propofol\u2010 and isoflurane\u2010mediated GA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T09:30:13Z","timestamp":1717407013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<scp>GABAergic<\/scp> neurons of anterior thalamic reticular nucleus regulate states of consciousness in propofol\u2010 and isoflurane\u2010mediated general 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