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Current hypotheses suggest that immune cells, particularly the excessive activation of microglia in the central nervous system and the migration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, play a critical role in initiating and progressing the injury. This review aimed to summarize the latest advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of microglia in radiation\u2010induced brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article critically examines recent developments in understanding the role of microglia activation in radiation\u2010induced brain injury. It elucidates associated mechanisms and explores novel research pathways and therapeutic options for managing this condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010irradiation, activated microglia release numerous inflammatory factors, exacerbating neuroinflammation and facilitating the onset and progression of radiation\u2010induced damage. Therefore, controlling microglial activation and suppressing the secretion of related inflammatory factors is crucial for preventing radiation\u2010induced brain injury. While microglial activation is a primary factor in neuroinflammation, the precise mechanisms by which radiation prompts this activation remain elusive. Multiple signaling pathways likely contribute to microglial activation and the progression of radiation\u2010induced brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intricate microenvironment and molecular mechanisms associated with radiation\u2010induced brain injury underscore the crucial roles of immune cells in its onset and progression. By investigating the interplay among microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, potential strategies emerge to mitigate microglial activation, reduce the release of inflammatory agents, and impede the entry of peripheral immune cells into the brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:40:25Z","timestamp":1718239225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Microglia in radiation\u2010induced brain injury: Cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8618-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yafeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to 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