{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:28:41Z","timestamp":1790022521869,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence suggests that an imbalanced gut microbiota composition plays a crucial role in the development of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), an inflammatory demyelinating disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and central nervous system (CNS). In light of this, we explored the potential therapeutic benefits of GV\u2010971 in NMOSD. GV\u2010971 is a drug used for treating mild\u2010to\u2010moderate Alzheimer's disease, which targets the gut\u2010brain axis and reduces neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate GV\u2010971's effects, we employed the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model to establish NMOSD animal models. This was achieved by injecting NMO\u2010IgG into aged mice (11\u2009months old) or using NMO\u2010IgG along with complement injection and microbubble\u2010enhanced low\u2010frequency ultrasound (MELFUS) techniques in young mice (7\u2009weeks old). We assessed the impact of GV\u2010971 on incidence rate, clinical scores, body weight, and survival, with methylprednisolone serving as a positive control. In NMOSD models of young mice, we analyzed spinal cord samples through H&amp;E staining, immunohistochemistry, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Fecal samples collected at different time points underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while plasma samples were analyzed using cytokine array and untargeted metabolomics analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicated that GV\u2010971 significantly reduced the incidence of NMOSD, alleviated symptoms, and prolonged survival in NMOSD mouse models. The NMOSD model exhibited substantial neuroinflammation and injury, accompanied by imbalances in gut microbiota, peripheral inflammation, and metabolic disorders, suggesting a potentially vicious cycle that accelerates disease pathogenesis. Notably, GV\u2010971 effectively reduces neuroinflammation and injury, and restores gut microbiota composition, as well as ameliorates peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GV\u2010971 attenuates the progression of NMOSD in murine models and reduces neuroinflammation and injury, likely through its effects on remodeling gut microbiota and peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T02:05:14Z","timestamp":1720404314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<scp>GV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010971 attenuates the progression of neuromyelitis optica in murine models and 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