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In this study, we investigated the impact of \u03b2\u2010sitosterol on migraine\u2010associated anxiety and whether this effect was associated with alleviation of oxidative\/nitrosative stress and improvement in mitochondrial function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitroglycerin was used to induce migraine in adult male Wistar rats. \u03b2\u2010Sitosterol treatment consisted of daily intraperitoneal injections (10\u2009mg\/kg) for 10\u2009days following migraine induction. Anxiety levels were evaluated using open\u2010field test (OFT) and hole\u2010board test (HBT). Frontal cortex samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species, nitric oxide (NO) (markers of oxidative\/nitrosative stress), and ATP (indicator of mitochondrial function).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine induction led to impaired performance in both the OFT and the HBT. Concurrently, it elevated MDA, reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species, and NO levels while diminishing GSH levels in the frontal cortex, signifying heightened oxidative\/nitrosative stress. Moreover, ATP levels decreased, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with \u03b2\u2010sitosterol significantly restored performance in both behavioral assays and normalized the levels of MDA, GSH, reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species, NO, and ATP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b2\u2010Sitosterol exerted anxiolytic effects in migraine, which can be attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative\/nitrosative stress and enhance mitochondrial function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T11:25:15Z","timestamp":1726831515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of \u03b2\u2010sitosterol on anxiety in migraine\u2010induced rats: The role of oxidative\/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Vafaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Center AJA University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Vafaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5932-9375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arad","family":"Iranmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Gammaknife Center, Yas Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0330-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Nassireslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Research Center AJA University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnam","family":"Hasannezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Research Center AJA University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-3301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasaman","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Research Center AJA University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Pescador RuschelMA De JesusO.Migraine Headache.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00550.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14010074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823357-3.00013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104892"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06212-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.742483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090818"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M017244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council (U.S.)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpns.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A Study of the Rat's Behavior in a Field. 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