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Such indicators have been found to have a certain connection with cognitive function these years. However, there is limited research that associates it with mechanisms such as cerebral A\u03b2 deposition. We aim to investigate this relationship and unveil the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical function and cognition data of 4189 participants were obtained from the Chinese preclinical Alzheimer's disease study. Participants were divided into six groups according to disease severity. Among them, 1048 participants underwent the positron emission tomography\u2010computed tomography (PET\u2010CT) and plasma biomarker test. Grip strength and gait were combined into a score indicating physical function. Multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models were mainly used to conduct the analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant positive correlation between physical function and cognitive function (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.48, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), independent of sex, age, apolipoprotein E\u2010\u03b54 genotype, and disease stages (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Physical function was effective in distinguishing individuals with cognitive impairment from those without (AUC\u2009=\u20090.835). Physical function was negatively associated with brain A\u03b2 deposition (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and brain A\u03b2 had an intermediary effect (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) on the association between physical function and cognition in women. This association was mainly evident in the lateral parietal, lateral temporal, posterior cingulate, frontal, occipital, and precuneus regions. Physical function was negatively associated with plasma neurofilament light\u2010chain (Nfl) level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical function is strongly associated with cognitive function in the Chinese elderly, and brain A\u03b2 deposition partly mediates the linkage in women. Plasma Nfl can be used as a potential target for exercise intervention in cognitive function. Improving physical function will contribute to the alleviation of cognition decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T05:39:58Z","timestamp":1724045998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Physical function is associated with cognitive status, brain amyloid\u2010beta deposition, and blood biomarkers in Chinese Han population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-281X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhuai","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of Sport  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junliang","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus Shanghai Sixth People's 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