{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:28:51Z","timestamp":1790792931780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEI R01EY023261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI R01EY023261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is the most prevalent oculomotor dysfunction of binocular vision that negatively impacts quality of life when performing visual near tasks. Decreased resting\u2010state functional connectivity (RSFC) is reported in the CI participants compared to binocularly normal control participants. Studies report that therapeutic interventions such as office\u2010based vergence and accommodative therapy (OBVAT) can improve CI participants' clinical signs, visual symptoms, and task\u2010related functional activity. However, longitudinal studies investigating the RSFC changes after such treatments in participants with CI have not been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the neural basis of OBVAT using RSFC in CI participants compared to the placebo treatment to understand how OBVAT improves visual function and symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 51 CI participants between 18 and 35\u2009years of age were included in the study and randomly allocated to receive either 12 one\u2010hour sessions of OBVAT or placebo treatment for 6 to 8\u2009weeks (1 to 2 sessions per week). Resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessments were evaluated at baseline and outcome for each treatment group. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was conducted in nine ROIs of the oculomotor vergence network, including the following: cerebellar vermis (CV), frontal eye fields (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), parietal eye fields (PEF), and primary visual cortices (V1). Paired t\u2010tests assessed RSFC changes in each group. A linear regression analysis was conducted for significant ROI pairs in the group\u2010level analysis for correlations with clinical measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paired t\u2010test results showed increased RSFC in 10 ROI pairs after the OBVAT but not placebo treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, false discovery rate corrected). These ROI pairs included the following: Left (L)\u2010SEF\u2013Right (R)\u2010V1, L\u2010SEF\u2013CV, R\u2010SEF\u2013R\u2010PEF, R\u2010SEF\u2013L\u2010V1, R\u2010SEF\u2013R\u2010V1, R\u2010SEF\u2013CV, R\u2010PEF\u2013CV, L\u2010V1\u2013CV, R\u2010V1\u2013CV, and L\u2010V1\u2013R\u2010V1. Significant correlations were observed between the RSFC strength of the R\u2010SEF\u2013R\u2010PEF ROI pair and the following clinical visual function parameters: positive fusional vergence and near point of convergence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>OBVAT, but not placebo treatment, increased the RSFC in the ROIs of the oculomotor vergence network, which was correlated with the improvements in the clinical measures of the CI participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T10:10:08Z","timestamp":1724667008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["From convergence insufficiency to functional reorganization: A\u00a0longitudinal randomized controlled trial of treatment\u2010induced connectivity 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of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suril","family":"Gohel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics Rutgers University School of Health Professions  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara L.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders","author":"Scheiman 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