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Fewer than 2% of persons with OUD stop using opioids completely. There have been calls from public advocacy groups, governmental agencies, and public health officials for new treatments for OUD. Dezocine, a non\u2010scheduled opioid previously used in the United States and currently widely prescribed in China for pain management, could be a candidate for a novel OUD treatment medication in the U.S. Nonetheless, to date, there have been no reviews of the clinical and preclinical literature detailing dezocine's abuse potential, a key consideration in assessing its clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are no English language reports of human abuse, dependence, or overdose of dezocine, despite years of extensive clinical use. There are a few case reports of dezocine abuse in the Chinese literature, but there are no reports of overdose deaths. Dezocine is perceived as an opioid and is \u201cliked\u201d by opioid\u2010experienced human and non\u2010human primates, properties that are not dose\u2010dependent and are mitigated by ceiling effects\u2014higher doses do not result in more \u201cliking.\u201d There is little withdrawal, spontaneous or precipitated, in humans, monkeys, rats, or mice treated chronically with dezocine alone. However, at some doses, dezocine can precipitate withdrawal in humans and monkeys dependent on other opioids. In rodents, dezocine reduces the severity of morphine withdrawal and the rewarding properties of other opioids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although dezocine is reinforcing in humans and monkeys with prior or concurrent opioid use within a restricted dose range, there are only a few anecdotal reports of dezocine abuse despite of the long history of use in humans. Given the evidence of dezocine's limited abuse potential, it could be useful both as a treatment for OUD. However, in\u2010depth studies would be required for dezocine to be re\u2010considered for clinical use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T05:04:43Z","timestamp":1726722283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Revisiting dezocine for opioid use disorder: A narrative review of its potential abuse liability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon A.","family":"Barr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish P.","family":"Thakrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Penn Center for Addiction Medicine &amp; 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