{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:15:01Z","timestamp":1787235301291,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to research the neuromelanin\u2010sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM\u2010MRI) features of the locus coeruleus (LC) in essential tremor (ET) patients of various cognitive states and to explore the relationships between these features and cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We recruited three groups of participants, including 30 ET patients with mild cognitive impairment (ET\u2010MCI), 57 ET patients with normal cognition (ET\u2010NC), and 105 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent MRI scanning and clinical evaluation. Through NM\u2010MRI images, we compared the contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio of LC (CNR\n                      <jats:sub>LC<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) between groups and evaluated the relationships between CNR\n                      <jats:sub>LC<\/jats:sub>\n                      and cognitive scales.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to HCs, ET\u2010MCI patients had a substantially lower CNR\n                      <jats:sub>LC<\/jats:sub>\n                      value (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). The CNR\n                      <jats:sub>LC<\/jats:sub>\n                      of ET\u2010NC patients was intermediate between that of ET\u2010MCI patients and HCs. Furthermore, a partial correlation analysis in ET\u2010MCI patients, controlling for age, gender, and education level, showed that higher CNR\n                      <jats:sub>LC<\/jats:sub>\n                      values correlate with better performance on the Montreal cognitive assessment test and the trail making test A.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LC degeneration in ET patients may partially contribute to cognitive decline, suggesting that the LC norepinephrine system deserves further research on the mechanism of cognitive decline of ET patients as well as the development of targeted drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:49:16Z","timestamp":1736311756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Locus Coeruleus Degeneration in Essential Tremor With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Neuromelanin\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yuelin","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2313-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0145-7558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baorong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0593-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guohua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000154933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-014-0396-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30398-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01263-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"1360","article-title":"Age and Sex Affect Essential Tremor (ET) Plus: Clinical Heterogeneity in ET Based on the National Survey in China","volume":"14","author":"Sun Q.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging and Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613489591"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000310425.76205.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00495"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-017-0069-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1224478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11409-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(89)80004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.5.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.2362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3319-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24893"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12679-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666141107130505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182897103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.202928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903580105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0047-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318232a379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0789-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666181112094330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Catecholamine Metabolism in Essential Tremor","volume":"90","author":"Barkhatova V. P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","first-page":"A302","article-title":"Increased Noradrenaline Levels in Essential Tremor Brain","volume":"56","author":"Rajput A. H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.6.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"A537","article-title":"Pathological Investigation of Essential Tremor","volume":"62","author":"Ross G. W.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.10.904"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Behavioral Symptoms Associated With Essential Tremor","volume":"96","author":"Louis E. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b389f1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00469-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13728"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.70214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T01:59:36Z","timestamp":1745632776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.70214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.70214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70214","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70214"}}