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However, long\u2010term levodopa (\n                      <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010DOPA) administration can lead to the severely disabling motor complication L\u2010DOPA\u2010induced dyskinesia (LID), for which standard, effective therapy is currently lacking. This study was conducted to characterize the distinct neural electrophysiological patterns involved in the progression of PD and to examine the efficacy of tetrabenazine, a vesicular monoamine transporter\u20102 inhibitor, in alleviating dyskinesia and its underlying electrophysiological mechanism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electrophysiological analysis was performed to obtain power spectrum density and functional connectivity information from local field potential (LFP) data recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) during different pathological states in PD model rats. Behavioral tests and abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) scoring were conducted to confirm PD model establishment and assess LID severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Increased beta oscillations and abnormally strengthened beta causality in the M1\u2009\u2192\u2009DLS direction and exaggerated beta\u2010band M1\u2013DLS functional connectivity were observed in the PD state.\n                      <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010DOPA administration suppressed beta activity and augmented gamma power in the M1 and DLS, with increased gamma causality in the M1\u2009\u2192\u2009DLS direction and beta causality in the DLS\u2009\u2192\u2009M1 direction, as well as elevated gamma\u2010band M1\u2013DLS functional connectivity. Tetrabenazine strongly ameliorated dyskinetic manifestations. It suppressed gamma power in the M1 and DLS, reduced gamma causality and increased beta causality in the M1\u2009\u2192\u2009DLS direction, reduced beta causality in the DLS\u2009\u2192\u2009M1 direction, and reduced gamma\u2010band M1\u2013DLS functional connectivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tetrabenazine abrogated aberrant gamma activity to improve LID symptoms, which provides compelling evidence for its future clinical application in LID therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:25:01Z","timestamp":1738823101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electrophysiological Alterations in the Progression of Parkinson's Disease and the Therapeutic Effect of Tetrabenazine on Rats With Levodopa\u2010Induced Dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5448-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuewei","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing P. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou P. R. 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