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This study will explore the underlying mechanism of restricted feeding (RF) and provide a theoretical basis for precise clinical treatment of stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we pretreated C57BL\/6J mice with 70% RF for a continuous 28\u2010day period prior to 60\u2009min of transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Histological staining, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and behavioral assessments were used to assess RF's neuroprotection following tFCI. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real\u2010time PCR, and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate brain inflammation post\u2010tFCI. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, tracers, and electric microscopy were used to assess the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Peripheral neutrophils were cleared by administrating an anti\u2010Ly6G antibody.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initially, DTI, NeuN staining, and a batch of behavioral tests verified that RF significantly mitigated both gray\/white matter injury and neurological deficits in the short\u2010 and long\u2010term following tFCI. RF mice showed more anti\u2010inflammatory microglia in their brains, along with reduced inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Interestingly, RF significantly reduced the neutrophils and macrophage infiltration. Subsequently, we observed that RF mice exhibited better BBB integrity following tFCI, with reduced neutrophil infiltration and matrix metalloprotein\u20109 release. Furthermore, the clearance of neutrophils with anti\u2010Ly6G antibody in ad\u00a0libitum feeding mice (LF\u2010Ly6G) elicited comparable neuroprotective effects to those observed in RF, including improvements in neurological deficits, reductions in infarct volume, and mitigation of BBB damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, our findings suggest that RF maintains the BBB integrity following ischemic stroke at least partially by reducing neutrophil infiltration, thereby alleviating both neurological and histological impairments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T23:48:41Z","timestamp":1738885721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Caloric Restriction Preserves\n                    <scp>BBB<\/scp>\n                    Integrity After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Through Reducing Neutrophil Infiltration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chenran","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology of Eye &amp; Ent Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology of Eye &amp; Ent Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University  Shanghai 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