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Studies have shown that sleep is primarily driven by the activation of subcortical sleep\u2010promoting neural pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>However, the neuronal level electrophysiology features of anesthesia and how they differ from sleep is still not fully understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, we recorded neuronal activity simultaneously from somatosensory cortex (S1) and motor cortex (M1) during awake, sleep, and DEX\u2010induced anesthesia in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results show that DEX increased local field potential (LFP) power across a relatively wide band (1\u201325\u2009Hz) in both S1 and M1. The coherence between S1 LFP and M1 LFP increased significantly in the delta and alpha bands. Power spectrum analysis during DEX\u2010induced anesthesia revealed relatively high power in the delta and alpha bands, but low power in the theta and beta bands. Overall, the firing rate of individual neurons decreased after DEX. Correlation analysis of firing rate and LFP power indicate that more neurons were correlated, either positively or negatively, with LFPs during DEX\u2010induced anesthesia compared to sleep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although these results showed enhancement of cortical LFP power in both DEX\u2010induced anesthesia and sleep, different patterns of spike\u2010field correlation suggest that the two states may be regulated by different cortical mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinguishing anesthesia from sleep with neural oscillations could lead to more personalized, safer, and more effective approaches to managing consciousness in medical settings, with the potential for broad applications in neuroscience and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1739858723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neural Oscillations in the Somatosensory and Motor Cortex Distinguish Dexmedetomidine\u2010Induced Anesthesia and Sleep in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Dengyun","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-4790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanliang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical 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