{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1781938961737,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZYD0189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZYD0189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025C02078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C02078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) may treat Tourette's syndrome (TS) by modulating the function of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) via the cortico\u2010striato\u2010thalamo\u2010cortical circuit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a randomized longitudinal study to examine circuit functionality and clinical efficacy. The GPi was identified as an \u201ceffective region\u201d for TS treatment. Using functional MRI, individualized targets within the SMA were identified. Function\u2010specific targets [left SMA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919), right SMA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916)] were compared with conventional scalp\u2010localized SMA targets (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919). Age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched typical developmental children (TDC) served as controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948). TS patients received 50\u2009Hz continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) at 70% RMT over five consecutive days (1800 pulses\/day). Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) at one and two weeks post\u2010cTBS. Functional connectivity (FC) analyses of the GPi evaluated the impact on brain function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was an approximately 3\u2009cm Y\u2010axis distance between the function\u2010specific and conventional targets. TS patients exhibited significantly reduced GPi\u2010base FC in bilateral motor areas at baseline compared to TDC. Following cTBS, 4 out of 19 patients in the left SMA group achieved a \u2265\u200930% reduction in YGTSS scores. cTBS modulated brain function in the left inferior orbital frontal cortex and right Lingual\/cerebellum, primarily influenced by the right SMA target, whereas the conventional target showed no effect on YGTSS scores. Changes in GPi\u2010target FC were significantly correlated with reduction in YGTSS total scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.638,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that function\u2010specific SMA targets may yield more pronounced modulatory effects, with the left SMA target achieving \u201cEffectiveness\u201d after just one week of cTBS. Combining function\u2010specific SMA\u2010targeted cTBS with standard treatment shows promise in accelerating clinical efficacy for TS treatment, warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:53:11Z","timestamp":1740120791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Function\u2010Specific Localization in the Supplementary Motor Area: A Potential Effective Target for Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4790-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sports Medicine and Health Chengdu Sport University  Chengdu 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