{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:03:09Z","timestamp":1785769389414,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by integrating quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) power bands with the test of variables of attention (TOVA) and self\u2010reported psychiatric symptoms. We examined the relationship between TOVA scores, qEEG findings\u2014particularly the theta\u2010beta ratio\u2014and comorbid psychiatric conditions to assess their role in refining ADHD diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM\u2010V).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 participants were assessed using TOVA, qEEG, and psychological scales, including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Maudsley Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants were categorized into groups based on their Attention Comparison Scores (ACS) above or below the zero threshold. Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests, correlation analyses, and predictive modeling using automatic linear modeling (ALM) were conducted to evaluate group differences, age\u2010related changes, and predictor variables for attention performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Among them, 37% exhibited anxiety, 60% depression, 26% obsessive\u2010compulsive, and 35% mood disorder symptoms. The group with ACS above zero was significantly older (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) and performed better on all Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) measures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Age negatively correlated with attention scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.371, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), response time variability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.241, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016), and response time (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.311, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). qEEG showed significant age\u2010related changes in theta\u2010to\u2010beta and delta\u2010to\u2010beta ratios (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005). TOVA and qEEG ratios, particularly beta and delta activity, predicted attention and response time variability, with adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> values between 71.5% and 87.1%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings highlight that attention performance in ADHD is shaped by age, neuropsychological factors, and qEEG\u2010measured brain activity. Higher attention scores correlate with better TOVA results, particularly in response time and error rates. Age\u2010related declines in attention align with reductions in theta\u2010to\u2010beta and delta\u2010to\u2010beta ratios. Predictive modeling underscores the value of combining TOVA and qEEG to identify key predictors like response time variability, omission errors, and specific beta and delta activity. This integration enhances the evaluation of attention deficits and brain dynamics, benefiting both clinical and research applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T05:14:17Z","timestamp":1742361257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative <scp>EEG<\/scp> Insights Into A Hundred Adult <scp>ADHD<\/scp> Patients: A Deep Dive Into Test of Variables of Attention (<scp>TOVA<\/scp>) Correlations and Attention Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvan","family":"Ciftci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uskudar University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Uskudar University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep Betul","family":"Alp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Uskudar University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Uskudar University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)33004\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.04009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010017\u20101463\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14101266"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(16)30376\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010017\u20100850\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010007\u20100712\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1697\u20102600(13)70013\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1202_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010017\u20103300\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199806)54:4<461::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.1993.tb01105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Maudsley Obsesif\u2010Kompulsif Soru Listesi. 24. 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