{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:14:31Z","timestamp":1769944471562,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective observational study aimed to characterize the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors of headaches following CyberKnife radiosurgery (CKRS) in patients with intracranial pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective observational study conducted from January 2022 to January 2023, we enrolled consecutive patients who underwent CKRS. Patients completed headache\u2010related questionnaires developed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD\u20103) guidelines at 24\u2009h, 1\u2009week, and 3\u2009months post\u2010radiosurgery. The incidence of CKRS\u2010related headaches was determined, and the link between risk factors and outcomes was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 153 patients (female 58.2%; mean age 47.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.8\u2009years), all completed a 3\u2010month follow\u2010up. Among 153 patients, 61 (39.9%) developed post\u2010CKRS headaches, with 83.6% reporting peak intensity within 2\u2009weeks post\u2010procedure. Fifty (32.7%) developed headaches within 2\u2009weeks, resolving within 3\u2009months. A strong temporal association between headache onset and CKRS supports a causal relationship. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified female sex (HR\u2009=\u20092.16, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.14\u20134.11, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019), younger age (HR\u2009=\u20090.97 per year, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), absence of prior craniocerebral surgery (HR\u2009=\u20090.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046), and multiple lesions (HR\u2009=\u20092.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) as independent risk factors. Although headaches were more frequently observed following radiation targeting the basal ganglia and thalamus, this association lacked statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Headaches attributed to brain radiosurgery constitute a significant yet overlooked clinical issue, warranting increased focus from surgical teams to deliver improved and tailored treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T12:25:37Z","timestamp":1742300737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Post\u2010Radiosurgery Headaches: A Prospective Observational 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People's Liberation Army  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, International Headache Center The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, International Headache Center The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, International Headache Center The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Medicine Nankai University  Tianjin 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