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The functional complexity of the GPe, directly linked to its neuronal heterogeneity, necessitates exploring the neuroanatomical circuits of its distinct neuron types as a foundation for functional research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we employed specific, modified rabies viruses and adeno\u2010associated viruses to investigate the monosynaptic inputs of GPe<jats:sup>FoxP2<\/jats:sup> and GPe<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the input projections to both types of neurons are widespread, including the cortex, subcortical structures, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. These inputs exhibit significant similarity, with 49 nuclei simultaneously innervating both types of neurons. However, GPe<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> neurons receive a lower proportion of inputs from the cortex and a higher proportion of inputs from the thalamus, compared to GPe<jats:sup>FoxP2<\/jats:sup> neurons. Clustering analysis indicates that GPe<jats:sup>FoxP2<\/jats:sup> neurons receive extensive afferent inputs from four nuclear clusters in the brain, whereas GPe<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup> neurons receive afferent inputs from only three clusters, suggesting GPe<jats:sup>FoxP2<\/jats:sup> neurons may be involved in more diverse functional regulations than GPe<jats:sup>PV<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collectively, our results reveal the similarities and differences in the input projections to the two types of neurons in the GPe and lay the neuroanatomic groundwork for further studies to explore the critical physiological functions of GPe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T06:24:26Z","timestamp":1749018266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Whole Brain Monosynaptic Input of Distinct Neurons in the Globus Pallidus Externa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2792-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010feng","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010xin","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang Hebei 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