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Autophagy, a key cellular process for recycling damaged organelles and proteins, has emerged as both a protective and detrimental player in radiation\u2010induced brain injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review systematically explores the dualistic role of autophagy in radiation\u2010induced brain injury, synthesizing insights on its interplay with apoptosis, ferroptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, the blood\u2013brain barrier, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial biogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While autophagy supports neuronal resilience by mitigating oxidative and inflammatory stress, excessive or dysregulated autophagy can lead to autophagic cell death and exacerbate injury. Pharmacological modulators such as mTOR inhibitors, AMP\u2010activated protein kinase activators, demonstrate therapeutic potential in preclinical settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>By elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of autophagy in radiation\u2010induced brain injury, this review underscores its dual roles and therapeutic relevance, offering a foundation for targeted interventions that optimize autophagic balance to protect brain function postradiotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T11:01:01Z","timestamp":1749726061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dual Roles of Autophagy in Radiation\u2010Induced Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic 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