{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:22:24Z","timestamp":1790914944250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z231100004823035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z231100004823035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020437","name":"Beijing Association for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020437","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (DRE), has a postoperative seizure\u2010free rate of ~70%. Furthermore, precisely localizing the epileptogenic zone and determining the surgical resection area have been established as the key factors influencing surgical outcomes. Herein, we innovatively coupled the surgical resection area with characteristics of effective connectivity via intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to predict patients' surgical prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved 56 patients who underwent TLE surgery and were followed up for over 1\u2009year. All patients underwent stereo\u2010electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation and single\u2010pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) tests. After comparing patients' RMS value of N1\/N2 (Z\u2010score standardized) from cortico\u2010cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) with different surgical outcomes, an interpretable machine learning (ML) model based on support vector machine (SVM) for predicting patients' surgical prognosis was constructed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with various surgical outcomes exhibited differences in effective connectivity. Furthermore, compared to the seizure\u2010free group (Engel I), patients in the nonseizure\u2010free group (Engel II\u2010IV) exhibited stronger connectivity between the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and regions outside the surgical resection area. The nonseizure\u2010free group also exhibited stronger connectivity between the surgical resection area and regions outside the resection area. Our prediction model demonstrated high\u2010accuracy performance, with accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.800 and 0.893, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirmed the potential value of integrating the surgical resection area and effective connectivity characteristics in predicting patients' surgical outcomes; offering a novel approach that could be leveraged to precisely determine the surgical resection area and improve TLE patients' surgical prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T10:17:12Z","timestamp":1756203432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effective Connectivity Predicts Surgical Outcomes in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A <scp>SEEG<\/scp> Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery No. 904 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0920-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baotian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing 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