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This study aimed to compare the effects of ball\u2010rotation training (BRT; actual execution) and visual\u2010guided imagery (VGI; motor imagery) on STDT, kinematic performance, and neurophysiological plasticity in healthy adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight right\u2010handed participants were randomized into four groups: BRT (actual execution), VGI (motor imagery without movement), tactile control (simple gripping), and no\u2010intervention control. Over seven days, participants underwent pre\u2010\/post\u2010training assessments including kinematic analysis, STDT measurement, power spectral analysis and somatosensory\u2010evoked potentials (SEPs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>BRT significantly enhanced motor performance (83% score increase vs. 21% in controls, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and movement speed (37% cycle time reduction vs. 12%\u201316% in others, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with partial transfer to the untrained hand. Both interventions reduced STDT but at distinct locations: BRT selectively improved index finger discrimination (64.02\u2009ms\u2009\u2192\u200943.75\u2009ms, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), while VGI enhanced palm sensitivity (73.43\u2009ms\u2009\u2192\u200961.13\u2009ms, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Neurophysiologically, SEPs revealed increased spatial inhibition ratio (SIR) plasticity in both BRT and VGI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), correlating with STDT gains. EEG demonstrated BRT\u2010induced gamma\u2010band power increases in parietal regions and theta\u2010band elevations in prefrontal cortex, whereas VGI modulated delta\u2010band activity in ipsilateral parietal cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actual execution (BRT) and motor imagery (VGI) enhance STDT through distinct neuroplastic mechanisms: BRT optimizes sensorimotor integration via parietal gamma\/prefrontal theta oscillations, while VGI relies on ipsilateral parietal delta modulation. These findings underscore the role of cortical reorganization in motor learning and support tailored rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T09:35:29Z","timestamp":1756200929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Regulation of Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Through Motor Training: An EEG and Kinematics Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2001-1773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 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