{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:29:59Z","timestamp":1792092599690,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized, double\u2010blind, sham\u2010controlled trial, we investigated the efficacy of multi\u2010target 10\u2010Hz rTMS targeting both M1 and SMA in alleviating freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010four PD\u2010FOG patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to four groups: M1 and SMA group, M1 group, SMA group, and sham group. rTMS was administered once daily for 10 consecutive days. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), after the final session (T1), and 30\u2009days posttreatment (T2), using the FOG\u2010Q, UPDRS\u2010III, Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, Standing\u2010Start 180\u00b0 Turn (SS\u2010180) Test, and measures of emotion and cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Application of 10\u2010Hz rTMS to bilateral M1 or SMA significantly reduced FOG severity, improved motor function, and alleviated emotional disturbances in PD patients, with effects lasting at least 1\u2009month. Compared to single\u2010target stimulation, multi\u2010target stimulation of M1 and SMA high\u2010frequency rTMS showed more pronounced therapeutic effects across these outcomes. However, no significant cognitive improvements were observed in either the real or sham stimulation groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study indicate that bilateral M1 and SMA 10\u2010Hz rTMS is a promising therapeutic approach, providing new possibilities for clinical treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T05:31:29Z","timestamp":1755927089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multi\u2010Target Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7944-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-043X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8521-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peixiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235141"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.218248","article-title":"Cerebral Metabolic Changes Related to Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"60","author":"M T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2020.0119.r1.30102020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-302091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2013-000743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804281-6.00005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216456"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716660033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-4981-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.3.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.09.023"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"2133","article-title":"Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in Parkinson's Disease and Its Effects on Freezing of Gait: A Review of the Literature","volume":"263","author":"Nieuwhof F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1354455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(99)00062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.6889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.070755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-140489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00191-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-190956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11236-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2f66"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00792-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0118-0"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.70582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T06:41:56Z","timestamp":1756536116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.70582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.70582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70582","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70582"}}