{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:14:49Z","timestamp":1784945689901,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7232044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7232044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNS Neurosci Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anti\u2010AMPAR encephalitis is a rare antibody\u2010mediated disorder, and its clinicoradiological profile is incompletely defined. We aimed to characterize the clinical presentation and cerebral metabolic patterns of Chinese adults with anti\u2010AMPAR encephalitis using\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FDG PET\/CT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From August 2016 to August 2022, we retrospectively identified patients from two neurology centers who were positive for anti\u2010AMPAR antibodies in serum and\/or cerebrospinal fluid. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, MRI and\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FDG PET\/CT findings (Discovery\u2009Elite, GE Healthcare), treatment regimens, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight patients (four women) were included; median age was 53\u2009years (range 37\u201363). Anti\u2010AMPA2R antibodies were detected in seven cases and anti\u2010AMPA1R antibodies in one. Limbic manifestations dominated, particularly cognitive decline and abnormal behavior; severe disease necessitated intensive care support in one patient, who nonetheless achieved a good outcome. Malignancy was documented in three individuals (lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and thymoma), and three harbored additional neural autoantibodies. MRI was abnormal in five patients (62.5%). All five subjects who underwent\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FDG PET\/CT displayed prefrontal hypometabolism; three also showed posterior cingulate hypometabolism. Focal hypermetabolism was observed in the right temporal lobe (one case) and in the left thalamus (one case).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anti\u2010AMPAR encephalitis usually presents as limbic encephalitis and is marked by prefrontal and posterior cingulate hypometabolism on\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F\u2010FDG PET\/CT. In some instances, hypermetabolism was observed in the basal ganglia or temporal lobes, possibly reflecting the local blood flow.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1761713095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>\n                      <sup>18<\/sup>\n                      F\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>FDG PET<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>CT<\/scp>\n                    Reveals Characteristic Prefrontal\u2010Posterior\u2009Cingulate Hypometabolism in\n                    <scp>anti\u2010AMPAR<\/scp>\n                    Encephalitis to Understand Cerebral Function: Insights From an Eight\u2010Patient Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hengri","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8222-9436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilei","family":"yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0910-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DeCai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueta","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0308-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wangshu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"AMPA Receptor Antibodies in Limbic Encephalitis Alter Synaptic Receptor Location","volume":"65","author":"Lai M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117306","article-title":"Reversible Mixed Perfusion on (123)I\u2010IMP SPECT in Anti\u2010AMPA Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report","volume":"421","author":"Fukumoto T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025694","article-title":"Anti\u2010Alpha\u2010Amino\u20103\u2010Hydroxy\u20105\u2010Methyl\u20104\u2010Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report","volume":"100","author":"Yang J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/273192","article-title":"Anti\u2010AMPA\u2010Receptor Encephalitis Presenting as a Rapid\u2010Cycling Bipolar Disorder in a Young Woman With Turner Syndrome","volume":"2015","author":"Quaranta G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Reports in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.04.009","article-title":"Structural and Functional Architecture of AMPA\u2010Type Glutamate Receptors and Their Auxiliary Proteins","volume":"94","author":"Greger I. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05299-y","article-title":"Brain (18)F\u2010FDG PET for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Systematic Review and a Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Bordonne M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000413","article-title":"Decreased Occipital Lobe Metabolism by FDG\u2010PET\/CT: An Anti\u2010NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Biomarker","volume":"5","author":"Probasco J. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.08.011","article-title":"Seizure Semiology in Leucine\u2010Rich Glioma\u2010Inactivated Protein 1 Antibody\u2010Associated Limbic Encephalitis","volume":"77","author":"Chen C.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001019","article-title":"Autoimmune Global Amnesia as Manifestation of AMPAR Encephalitis and Neuropathologic Findings","volume":"8","author":"Ricken G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.048","article-title":"Human Autoantibodies Against the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluA2 Induce Receptor Reorganization and Memory Dysfunction","volume":"100","author":"Haselmann H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010077","article-title":"NMDA and AMPA Receptor Autoantibodies in Brain Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Features","volume":"10","author":"Gardoni F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.43","article-title":"Antigenic and Mechanistic Characterization of Anti\u2010AMPA Receptor Encephalitis","volume":"1","author":"Gleichman A. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Translational Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13346","article-title":"Early Life Stress Lastingly Alters the Function and AMPA\u2010Receptor Composition of Glutamatergic Synapses in the Hippocampus of Male Mice","volume":"35","author":"Brosens N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24189","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Autoantibodies Against Brain Antigens in Health and Disease","volume":"76","author":"Dahm L.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"3144","article-title":"LGI1 Antibodies Alter Kv1.1 and AMPA Receptors Changing Synaptic Excitability, Plasticity and Memory","volume":"141","author":"Petit\u2010Pedrol M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15117","article-title":"Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of Anti\u2010IgLON5 Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","volume":"29","author":"Ni Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708712","article-title":"Antibody\u2010Mediated Encephalitis","volume":"378","author":"Dalmau J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001682","article-title":"Encephalitis and AMPA Receptor Antibodies: Novel Findings in a Case Series of 22 Patients","volume":"84","author":"Hoftberger R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05306-y","article-title":"The Well Responsiveness of Drug\u2010Resistant Focal Seizures in Anti\u2010AMPA2 Receptor Encephalitis to Perampanel Treatment","volume":"43","author":"Wang T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02520-1","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Anti\u2010Alpha\u2010Amino\u20103\u2010Hydroxy\u20105\u2010Methyl\u20104\u2010Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Encephalitis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.02.011","article-title":"Anti\u2010AMPA Receptor Encephalitis Associated With Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis","volume":"281","author":"Li X.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1715","article-title":"Clinical Spectrum of Encephalitis Associated With Antibodies Against the Alpha\u2010Amino\u20103\u2010Hydroxy\u20105\u2010Methyl\u20104\u2010Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor: Case Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"72","author":"Joubert B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200012","article-title":"AMPA Receptor Encephalitis in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Palbociclib: A Case Report","volume":"9","author":"Matthews E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1299898","article-title":"Contribution of Cerebrospinal Fluid Antibody Titers and Sex to Acute Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Anti\u2010NMDAR Autoimmune Encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Miao A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"}],"container-title":["CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cns.70633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:25:36Z","timestamp":1761762336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cns.70633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cns.70633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70633","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-5930","1755-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70633"}}