{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:20:34Z","timestamp":1782836434526,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,23]],"date-time":"2014-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between outdoor ambient air pollution and emergency department (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>) visits for epistaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study, case\u2013crossover design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> visit data were obtained for Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, for a period of 10\u00a0years starting 1 April 1992 and ending March 31st of 2002. The data on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> visits were supplied by Capital Health for the five major acute care hospitals in the Edmonton area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis was performed for the population as a whole (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015\u00a0038) and split by sex: males (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08587) and females (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06451).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored associations between ambient concentrations of air pollutants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> NO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) lagged by 0\u20134\u00a0days and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> visits for epistaxis in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and their 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) were reported for an increase in an interquartile range (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>) of pollutant concentration. We obtained positive and statistically significant results for all patients with epistaxis; exposure to O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a014\u00a0ppb, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.05 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.00\u20131.09, lag 0), and for males (age\u00a0&lt;\u00a025\u00a0years), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.16 (1.03\u20131.30), lag 4; and to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a015\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.02 (1.00\u20131.05, lag 3). These results were stronger for older (age\u00a0&gt;\u00a024\u00a0years) females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that there may be an association between air pollutant exposure, specifically ozone and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, and the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content> visits for epistaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,11]],"date-time":"2014-08-11T14:05:10Z","timestamp":1407765910000},"page":"345-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Air pollution and emergency department visits for epistaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Szyszkowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Studies Division Health Canada Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Shutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Studies Division Health Canada Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kousha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Studies Division Health Canada Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.H.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Clinical Manual of Otolaryngology","author":"Davidson T.M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2007.01530.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1790-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810700808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Is dry climate correlated with hospitals admissions for epistaxis?","volume":"13","author":"Rezende G.L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intl. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215054798032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2002.00535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1995.tb01857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089583700402905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/46.2.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181315.18836.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v043.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/njenthns.v2i2.6792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"A seasonal variation to epistaxis in East Kent, UK","volume":"12","author":"Olaleye O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Internet J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509532006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:1<11::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/019262301317226366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Ambient Sulphur dioxide exposure and emergency department visits for migraine in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"22","author":"Szyszkowicz M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215110001921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Epistaxis and oral anticoagulant therapy","volume":"42","author":"Choudhury N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0116-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440350047005","article-title":"Treatment and health outcomes of women and men in a cohort with coronary artery disease","volume":"157","author":"Schwartz L.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcoa.12296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.12296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T23:18:01Z","timestamp":1696288681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.12296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.12296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.12296","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,23]]}}}