{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:53:38Z","timestamp":1767084818037,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine which risk factors in children with recurrent croup warrant bronchoscopic evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary paediatric hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with recurrent croup who underwent a rigid bronchoscopy between 2001 and 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchoscopy findings, classified as normal, mildly abnormal or significantly abnormal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and thirty\u2010five children underwent a rigid bronchoscopy and 110 underwent a flexible oesophagoscopy. One hundred and forty\u2010five children (61.7%) had a mildly abnormal exam, and 27 children (11.5%) had significant findings that required a surgical intervention or grade 2 or greater subglottic stenosis. The significantly abnormal group included 4 children with laryngomalacia, 2 with a subglottic cyst, 8 with grade 2 or 3 subglottic stenosis and 13 children who underwent a surgical procedure for subglottic stenosis. Sixty\u2010seven children had a preoperative diagnosis of asthma, 62 were atopic and 78 had symptoms of gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux. Oesophagoscopy was diagnostic of gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux in 19 of 110 cases, and 106 children (45.1%) had bronchoscopic findings suggestive of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GERD<\/jats:styled-content>. Eight children had eosinophilic oesophagitis. After multivariate analysis, significantly abnormal bronchoscopy was significantly associated with chronic cough (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), have a previous intubation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) or be younger than 3\u00a0years old (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant findings on bronchoscopy that warranted further surgical intervention were uncommon in this cohort. Nearly half of the patients had evidence of gastro\u2010oesophageal reflux. In patients without risk factors for significant abnormalities, empiric medical management may be beneficial prior to endoscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,20]],"date-time":"2014-11-20T07:01:29Z","timestamp":1416466889000},"page":"227-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Role of operative airway evaluation in children with recurrent croup: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Duval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tarasidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"Grimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.R.","family":"Muntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Asfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.6.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2006.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"The relationship between croup and asthma","volume":"41","author":"Konig P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810393883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940911800707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(95)01168-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880100018006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113000418"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811700610"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcoa.12353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.12353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T07:32:45Z","timestamp":1758526365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.12353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.12353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.12353","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1749-4478"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1749-4486"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]}}}