{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:37:00Z","timestamp":1790293020785,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003354","name":"Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Virtual reality (\n VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) simulators provide an alternative to real patients for practicing surgical skills but require validation to ensure accuracy. Here, we validate the use of a virtual reality sinus surgery simulator with haptic feedback for training in Otorhinolaryngology \u2010 Head & Neck Surgery (\n OHNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants were recruited from final\u2010year medical students, interns, resident medical officers (\n RMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n s),\n OHNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n registrars and consultants. All participants completed an online questionnaire after performing four separate simulation tasks. These were then used to assess face, content and construct validity.\n anova<\/jats:sc>\n with\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n correlation was used for statistical analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The following groups were compared: (i) medical students\/interns, (ii)\n RMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, (iii) registrars and (iv) consultants. Face validity results had a statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05) difference between the consultant group and others, while there was no significant difference between medical student\/intern and\n RMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. Variability within groups was not significant. Content validity results based on consultant scoring and comments indicated that the simulations need further development in several areas to be effective for registrar\u2010level teaching. However, students, interns and\n RMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n s indicated that the simulations provide a useful tool for learning\n OHNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related anatomy and as an introduction to\n ENT<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010specific procedures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n simulations have been validated for teaching sinus anatomy and nasendoscopy to medical students, interns and\n RMO<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. However, they require further development before they can be regarded as a valid tool for more advanced surgical training.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T14:53:43Z","timestamp":1427208823000},"page":"569-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Validation of virtual\u2010reality\u2010based simulations for endoscopic sinus surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Dharmawardana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ruthenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Elmiyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Diment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.H.","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.S.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Medical Device Research Institute Flinders University Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.20093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318176bf24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"CD006575","article-title":"Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"8","author":"Nagendran M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"CD008237","article-title":"Virtual reality simulation training for health professions trainees in gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"6","author":"Walsh C.M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Validation of the Madigan ESS simulator","volume":"50","author":"Weghorst S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-0035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2013.256","article-title":"Validity evidence based on test content","volume":"26","author":"Sireci S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7710213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RuthenbeckG.S. CarneyA.S.&ReynoldsK.J.(2013)Detail preserving anatomical markers in a virtual reality nasendoscopy simulation in Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH) 2013 Third International","DOI":"10.1109\/INTECH.2013.6653691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2013.790015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549714520853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2012.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000211","article-title":"Medical students\u2019 attitudes toward the use of an endoscopic sinus surgery simulator as a training tool","volume":"20","author":"Glaser A.Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy"}],"container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcoa.12414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coa.12414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T11:06:31Z","timestamp":1747825591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/coa.12414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/coa.12414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.12414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-4478","1749-4486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-4478","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-4486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]}}}