{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:08:55Z","timestamp":1793383735707,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102\u2010CGN08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102\u2010CGN08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005319","name":"National Central University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101CGH\u2010NCUA4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101CGH\u2010NCUA4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005319","name":"National Central University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["103CGH\u2010NCU\u2010A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103CGH\u2010NCU\u2010A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005319","name":"National Central University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["104CGH\u2010NCU\u2010A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104CGH\u2010NCU\u2010A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using sleep\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , we aimed to identify static craniofacial measurements and dynamic upper airway collapse patterns associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) during natural sleep in age and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010matched patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nested case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sleep\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      images (3.0 Tesla scanner) and synchronised acoustic recording were used to observe patterns of dynamic airway collapse in subjects with mild and severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Midsagittal images were also used for static craniofacial measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifteen male subjects with severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (mean\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      70.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023 events\/h) were matched by age and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      to 15 subjects with mild\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (mean\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      7.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4 events\/h). Subjects were selected from a consecutive sleep\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      study cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Static craniofacial measurements selected\n                      <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                      included measurements that represent maxillomandibular relationships and airway morphology. Axial, sagittal and coronal views of the airway were rated for dynamic collapse at retropalatal, retroglossal and lateral pharyngeal wall regions by blinded reviewers. Bivariate analysis was used to correlate measures associated with severity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      using\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AHI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lateral pharyngeal wall collapse from dynamic sleep\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a051.8,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and upper airway length from static\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      images (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a027.2,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) positively correlated with severity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lateral pharyngeal wall collapse and upper airway length are significantly associated with severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      based on sleep\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Assessment of these markers can be readily translated to routine clinical practice, and their identification may direct targeted surgical treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T03:14:42Z","timestamp":1448853282000},"page":"700-706","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Static craniofacial measurements and dynamic airway collapse patterns associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a sleep\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Stanley Yung\u2010Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leh\u2010Kiong","family":"Huon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp;Neck Surgery Cathay General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Men\u2010Tzung","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robson","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Surgery Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunn\u2010Jy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany Ting\u2010Fang","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa\u2010Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp;Neck Surgery Cathay General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Public Health China Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601113340207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Determining cephalometric norms for Caucasians and African Americans in Birmingham","volume":"68","author":"Huang W.J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200010000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Correlation of cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea severity","volume":"17","author":"Borges Pde.T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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