{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:59:54Z","timestamp":1753887594906,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the personality traits of temperament and character in patients with tinnitus and to identify differences in these traits associated with the severity of tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series with comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary referral centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January to December 2014, one hundred and thirty\u2010four adult patients with chronic subjective tinnitus completed psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus and the Temperament and Character Inventory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personality traits were assessed by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content>. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content> assesses seven dimensions of personality traits and four temperaments \u2018novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence\u2019, as well as three characters \u2018self\u2010directedness, cooperativeness, self\u2010transcendence\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The values of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content> parameters in the tinnitus patients were compared with reference data from a non\u2010institutional adult population, and associations between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content> parameter values and tinnitus severity were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In terms of temperament, tinnitus patients had higher scores for \u2018harm avoidance\u2019, whereas scores for \u2018novelty seeking\u2019, \u2018reward dependence\u2019 and \u2018persistence\u2019 were significantly lower than the reference. In terms of character, lower \u2018cooperativeness\u2019 and \u2018self\u2010transcendence\u2019 were identified in the subjects with tinnitus. The \u2018novelty seeking\u2019 score was inversely related to tinnitus severity (r = \u22120.285, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), while other temperament and character traits did not show significant correlations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There may be a connection between tinnitus and personality traits, especially in the case of \u2018novelty seeking\u2019, which is relatively constant over a lifetime. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCI<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire may be useful in facilitating the application of personality traits to tailored counselling for tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T20:56:42Z","timestamp":1481230602000},"page":"397-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Temperament and character traits in patients with tinnitus: a prospective case series with comparisons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6884-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.H.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.W.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.Y.","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling Psychology Honam University Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2830157"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215114001030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Tinnitus: clinical experience of the psychosomatic connection","volume":"10","author":"Salviati M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. 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