{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:00:12Z","timestamp":1759960812294},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEMH\u20102015\u2010C\u2010038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMH\u20102015\u2010C\u2010038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>This study compares the carotid intima\u2010media thickness (CIMT<\/jats:styled-content>) in different severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA<\/jats:styled-content>) patients and assesses the role of OSA<\/jats:styled-content> in carotid artery vasculopathy with control of multiple co\u2010morbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study design<\/jats:title>Prospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Tertiary referral centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Participants<\/jats:title>This study recruited 36 volunteers without the complaints of sleep\u2010disordered breathing, 27 patients with mild\u2013moderate OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and 39 patients with severe OSA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>The CIMT<\/jats:styled-content> was measured using a Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound system (Otawara, Japan) with a 5\u201314 MH<\/jats:styled-content>z L probe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Bilateral and mean CIMT<\/jats:styled-content> in healthy control, mild\u2013moderate OSA<\/jats:styled-content> and severe OSA<\/jats:styled-content> were 0.69 \u00b1 0.14, 0.72 \u00b1 0.24 and 0.94 \u00b1 0.33, respectively (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.01 in anova<\/jats:sc> test). Post hoc<\/jats:italic> tests show that the severe OSA<\/jats:styled-content> group had significantly higher mean CIMT<\/jats:styled-content> than the control and mild\u2013moderate OSA<\/jats:styled-content> groups (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.01). With the cut\u2010off as 1 mm, the increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) for mild\u2013moderate and severe OSA<\/jats:styled-content> were 11% and 39%, respectively, while no patient in the healthy control group was at risk of CVD<\/jats:styled-content>. Multivariate linear regression could not prove that OSA<\/jats:styled-content> itself was an independent factors for increased CIMT<\/jats:styled-content> (mild\u2013moderate OSA <\/jats:styled-content>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 0, [\u22120.12, 0.13]; severe OSA <\/jats:styled-content>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>: 0.08, [\u22120.06, 0.22], both P<\/jats:italic> > 0.05) after adjusting age, hypertension and body mass index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Automated measurement of the CIMT<\/jats:styled-content> can be a useful tool for CVD<\/jats:styled-content> risk assessment in patients with OSA<\/jats:styled-content>. Severity of OSA<\/jats:styled-content> may be an intermediate factor between multiple co\u2010morbidities and carotid atherosclerotic change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]],"date-time":"2017-01-04T14:56:40Z","timestamp":1483541800000},"page":"974-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"L.\u2010J.","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.\u2010Y.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.\u2010W.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Administration Oriental Institute of Technology Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.645606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24527"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/839582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S4078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of the long\u2010term effects of CPAP on carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Hui D.S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. 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