{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:18:54Z","timestamp":1776190734793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterise the craniofacial structure by cephalometry, especially the skull base and nasopharyngeal space, in children who underwent adenoidectomy and developed persistent velopharyngeal dysfunction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Speech and swallowing clinic of a single academic hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine children with persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content> following adenoidectomy (mean age 8.0\u00b13.6 years) and a control group of 80 healthy children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cephalometric landmarks were chosen; craniofacial linear and angular dimensions were measured and analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The linear dimensions of the nasopharyngeal area were shorter in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content> group, S\u2010Ba (41.6\u00b14.2 mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05) and S\u2010Ptm (42.4\u00b15.1 mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05). The anterior skull base, N\u2010S, was similar (68.1 mm\u00b16.8).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The velum length, Ptm\u2010P was significantly shorter in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content> group (27.8\u00b14.3 mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). The Ba\u2010S\u2010Ptm angle was significantly larger in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content> group (63.5\u00b15.6\u00b0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). There was no significant difference in cranial base angle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBA<\/jats:styled-content>), Ba\u2010S\u2010N, between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cephalometry may provide information regarding persistent postoperative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content>. The nasopharyngeal space angle and velar length appear to be risk factors for persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPD<\/jats:styled-content> after adenoidectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T09:52:45Z","timestamp":1490089965000},"page":"1289-1294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cephalometric findings among children with velopharyngeal dysfunction following adenoidectomy\u2014A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Kassem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery The Center for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba 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