{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1792670854180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008646","name":"Office of Science, Government of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and cardiovascular disease risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited between May 2010 and December 2015 and answered a health and risk factor questionnaire. Physical and biochemical assessments were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community\u2010based population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 5107 participants born within the years 1946\u20101964 enrolled in the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hearing was assessed behaviourally through the best ear pure\u2010tone average (500, 1000, 2000, 4000\u00a0Hz), low\u2010frequency average (250, 500, 1000\u00a0Hz) and high\u2010frequency average (4000, 8000\u00a0Hz). Self\u2010reported hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis were assessed via questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed via a patient\u2010completed questionnaire and objective measurements including blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the participants, 54% were female, with the mean age of 58\u00a0years (range 45\u201069\u00a0years). Age, sex and family history of hearing loss were consistently strong determinants of hearing loss outcomes. After adjusting for these, obesity, current smoking, peripheral arterial disease and history of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with pure\u2010tone, low\u2010frequency and high\u2010frequency hearing loss. In addition, high blood pressure, triglyceride and glycated haemoglobin were significantly associated with low\u2010frequency hearing loss. There was a graded association between hearing loss and Framingham Risk Score for cardiovascular risk (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Established cardiovascular disease and individual and combined cardiovascular disease risk factors were found to be associated with hearing loss. Future research should prospectively investigate whether targeting cardiovascular disease can prevent hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1499944707000},"page":"172-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Associations between cardiovascular disease and its risk factors with hearing loss\u2014A cross\u2010sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.E.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands WA Australia"},{"name":"Ear Science Institute Australia Subiaco WA Australia"},{"name":"Ear Sciences Centre School of Surgery The University of Western Australia Nedlands WA 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