{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:06:26Z","timestamp":1773644786316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,18]],"date-time":"2018-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To provide the normative values for laryngeal stroboscopy (LS) concerning amplitude, open quotient, asymmetry and phase difference in healthy, young subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients treated at a single institute.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 68 healthy subjects were included in the study (35 women, 33 men), aged 18\u201035\u00a0years. After obtaining LS recordings, image processing was performed to attain parameters of vocal fold vibration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women, the location of the maximum vibration amplitude is approximately in the 1\/3 posterior part of the glottis, while in men, the location is moved to the glottis centre. In males, the relative amplitude vibration of the vocal folds in the 1\/3 anterior part of the glottis was significantly higher than in females (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.029). Women showed significantly higher open quotients (OQ) at the posterior part of the glottis than the male subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and men presented significantly higher OQ at the anterior part of the glottis than the females (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The average OQ values for both sexes were almost the same. Females showed significantly higher relative glottal gap area (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044). Women presented a significantly lower amplitude asymmetry than men (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). The weighted absolute left\u2010right phase difference reached up to 24\u00b0 and remained insignificantly higher in the men than the women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.142).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study provides normative values for LS in young adults for the measurement of therapy outcomes in patients with voice disorders and realisation of evidence\u2010based medicine. The LS parametrisation is easy to perform in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T20:01:37Z","timestamp":1540411297000},"page":"158-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Laryngeal stroboscopy\u2014Normative values for amplitude, open quotient, asymmetry and phase difference in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina M.","family":"Sielska\u2010Badurek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"J\u0119dra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sobol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazimierz","family":"Niemczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Osuch\u2010W\u00f3jcikiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000157830.38627.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2011.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050000299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110000907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"The contribution of videostroboscopy in daily ENT practice","volume":"50","author":"Remacle M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Videostroboscopic Examination of the Larynx","author":"Hirano M","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(99)80045-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(96)80047-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318161f9e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14015439.2012.731083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2015.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Normal and Abnormal Vocal Folds Kinematics. 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